The days of getting a none tier 1 MNO universal roaming at usable rates are gone, and even for the big tier 1 groups, with massive romaing bases, while zone 1 and zone 2 roaming rates are usable (typically 30-50 countries) the reality is that the other nearly 200 countires in zones 3, 4 and 5 and RoW are just not usable. Ant that is a tier 1 MNO. The new strategies in the eSIM and 100s of % growth in IoT world means a full strategy involves multiple IMSIs sometimes multiple Sims, eSIMs (don’t worry if you are not yet eSIM capable, there are work arounds used by even tier 1 MNOs as well as MVNOs all over the world) and even leveraging MVNO agreements as well multiple IMSI agreements, and finally smarter SIM tools and using this traffic to accelerate your existing IR 21 and create a bespoke roaming footprint that suits your customer base not just whatever you could get on an IR 21 and a hub. This is not just a reality of volume, but also the nature of today\’s global world, where roam like at home in a few neighbouring and high volume countries is just not good enough.